Log in Report cruelty

Refining procedures

General

Using animals in research? It's time to refine! (2017)
Refining procedures for the administration of substances (2001)
Removal of blood from laboratory mammals and birds (1993)
Refined methods of genotyping fish (2022)

Biotelemetry

Refinements in telemetry procedures (2003, with BVAAWF/FRAME/UFAW)

Vaccine studies

Three Rs approaches in the production and quality control of fish vaccines (2011, not open access)
Application of the 3Rs to challenge assays used in vaccine testing (2010, with BVAAWF/FRAME/UFAW)
Advancing animal welfare and the 3Rs in the batch testing of veterinary vaccines (2008)
Batch safety testing of veterinary vaccines - potential welfare implication of injection volumes (2008)

Humane killing

A Good Death? Report of the second Newcastle meeting on laboratory animal euthanasia (2016, meeting funded by the NC3Rs)
Newcastle consensus meeting on carbon dioxide euthanasia of laboratory animals (2006, meeting funded by Laboratory Animals Limited, NC3Rs, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne)